Thursday, November 10, 2022

The Entente powers (Britain, France, and Russia) wanted to preserve the Austro-Hungarian monarchy in slimmer form

From The Long Shadow: The Legacies of the Great War in the Twentieth Century by David Reynolds.  Page 8.

Yet flirting with nationalism in this way did not signify any grand plan for a post-imperial Europe. The Entente powers (Britain, France, and Russia) wanted to preserve the Austro-Hungarian monarchy in slimmer form to balance Germany in central Europe. Neither did the British and French initially support Polish national aspirations, since that would infringe on the interests of their tsarist ally. After America entered the war, Wilson’s “Fourteen Points” in January 1918 envisaged “an independent Polish state” but proposed only “the freest opportunity of autonomous development” for the peoples of the Habsburg Empire. It was Lenin and the Bolsheviks who coined the radical phrase “national self-determination,” to encourage the breakup of empires in Europe and beyond. Wilson picked up the term but usually without the adjective “national”: for him, “self-determination” was almost a synonym for “popular sovereignty” or “consent of the governed.”

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