Sunday, October 23, 2022

Britain in the 1920s and 1930s was politically and economically much more stable than its continental neighbors.

From The Long Shadow by David Reynolds.  On World War I.  Page XXI

By exploring these themes through the 1920s and 1930s, I want to show that the United Kingdom’s experience of the conflict differed in significant respects from that of continental Europe—of France and Germany, let alone Russia and the Balkans. This is a major argument of the book. The UK was spared invasion or serious bombing; it was not engulfed in revolution or wracked by civil war and paramilitary violence. In fact, despite folk memories of the General Strike and the Great Depression, Britain in the 1920s and 1930s was politically and economically much more stable than its continental neighbors. There is, however, an exception: Ireland in the years after the Easter Rising of 1916. The Irish experience of the Great War era was much more “continental” than that of mainland Britain. The legacies of 1916–23, of Ireland’s war of independence, its civil war and partition, would sour the rest of the twentieth century.

The Great War also had global ramifications, reshaping the Near East, colonial Africa, and East Asia.12 Here, too, the British experience was unusual: while other great empires collapsed, the Pax Britannica (like the Empire Français) reached its peak after 1918. Yet the unexpected expansion, especially into Palestine and Mesopotamia, created hostages to fortune for the future. As new war clouds loomed on the horizon in the 1930s, the Great War also guided British reactions—not just in pursuing the diplomacy of appeasement to keep the peace but also in making contingency plans for a possible war. Rather than preparing to send another mass army of cannon fodder to the Continent, policymakers focused on the air defense of Britain itself. In the 1930s the British were trying to avoid a new Great War, and this almost undid them in 1940 when the next war turned out quite differently from the last.

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