Saturday, November 12, 2022

For millions across eastern Europe, the Armistice of 1918, so important in the west, was of relatively little consequence.

From The Long Shadow: The Legacies of the Great War in the Twentieth Century by David Reynolds.  Page 10.

Prague’s velvet revolution (strangely similar to another in 1989) was emulated across much of the former Habsburg Empire, with committees of local nationalist parties assuming power. By the time the peace conference convened in Paris in mid-January 1919, the shape of post-Habsburg Europe was clear on the ground. Independence had successfully been proclaimed for Czechoslovakia and for a kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later renamed Yugoslavia), leaving Austria and Hungary as rump states. On the tsarist borderlands, however, the pattern was different. There nationalist movements had been weak or nonexistent before 1917, but the anarchy caused by the tsarist collapse and the Russian Civil War suddenly made possible the establishment of independent states in Poland, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Finland. These national revolutions were bloody rather than velvet, with wars and civil wars that rumbled on into the 1920s. For millions across eastern Europe, the Armistice of 1918, so important in the west, was of relatively little consequence.

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