Childhood outcomes predictable based mostly on family variables

From The Neighborhoods They Live in: The Effects of Neighborhood Residence on Child and Adolescent Outcomes by Tama Leventhal and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn.

Across the studies reviewed, neighborhood effects are demonstrated in the childhood as well as the adolescent years. Most studies, however, have focused either on early childhood or on late adolescence. Two main findings are evident in the following review. First, neighborhood effects are more common for neighborhood SES than racial/ethnic heterogeneity or residential stability across all of the outcomes, and second, more consistent neighborhood effects are reported in the national samples as compared with the city- and region-based studies. In most instances, the neighborhood effects reported are small to modest and account for 5% to upwards of 10% of the variance in child and adolescent outcomes.

Although not reviewed here, family-level variables tend to be more strongly associated with individual outcomes than are neighborhood-level variables.

Crudely - In terms of impact on childhood outcomes, family trumps neighborhood, neighborhood trumps race and churn.