Saturday, August 31, 2024

Hot Time in the Old Town The Great Heat Wave of 1896 and the Making of Theodore Roosevelt by Edward P. Kohn

I see I have not recorded my reading of Hot Time in the Old Town The Great Heat Wave of 1896 and the Making of Theodore Roosevelt by Edward P. Kohn.  The blurb is:

One of the worst natural disasters in American history, the 1896 New York heat wave killed almost 1,500 people in ten oppressively hot days. The heat coincided with a pitched presidential contest between William McKinley and the upstart Democrat William Jennings Bryan, who arrived in New York City at the height of the catastrophe. As historian Edward P. Kohn shows, Bryan's hopes for the presidency began to flag amidst the abhorrent heat just as a bright young police commissioner named Theodore Roosevelt was scrambling to mitigate the dangerously high temperatures by hosing down streets and handing out ice to the poor.

A vivid narrative that captures the birth of the progressive era, Hot Time in the Old Town revives the forgotten disaster that almost destroyed a great American city.
 
A little choppy but good solid local history with plenty of detail.  An interesting glimpse into the practices and influence of newspapers back before there was radio or TV much less smart devices and streaming.  Also interesting to see Theodore Roosevelt in the muck of a major city, pursuing the earlier, healthier progressive agenda.  

Also a useful reminder of just how much of our well being depends on basic infrastructure.

I enjoyed it.

History

 

If diesel Caltrain were a car, it would be class as one of the heaviest polluters per passenger.

From Caltrain’s Great New Electric Trains Replace Heavy Polluters by Brad Templeton.

Promotional materials for the new trains tout that the switch will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 250,000 metric tonnes per year, which is roughly the annual output of 55,000 cars, on average. The new electric trains will buy electricity only from zero-emission sources, according to Caltrain spokesperson Dan Lieberman. These numbers sound very positive, until you step back and consider their actual meaning, namely that the old diesel caltrain was using many times more fuel than its passengers would have burned if they each drove private SUVs, and that the train in general is hugely inefficient.

This is surprising, as the common public perception is that trains are more energy efficient than cars, and the initial instinct is to consider public transit as the greener choice. The math says otherwise, and in the case of Caltrain, it says it overwhelmingly. Nonetheless, this issue is not just one for this particular railroad, and applies to all systems, particularly in the U.S.

PROMOTED

The numbers mean Caltrain was burning about 25 million gallons of diesel annually. But today, Caltrain has around 590,000 boardings/year and an average of 24,600 on weekdays. That means 3.5 gallons of diesel per boarding, on average, which is equivalent to 4 gallons of gasoline. Each round trip thus burned the equivalent 8 gallons of gasoline per person. A 30 miles each way round trip in a car with the average load of 1.5 people, which is less that one gallon per person in a Prius, and 2 gallons per person in a large SUV. Even if each passenger were given a personal Hummer H2 to drive, they would only burn 4.6 gallons for that round trip. If diesel Caltrain were a car, it would be class as one of the heaviest polluters per passenger.

This happens because the trains don’t run full, and they run all day. Trains can, in theory, be very efficient, but only if they run full all the time. The most efficient trains in the U.S. are the commuter rail lines that run all the trains inbound in the morning, with all those trains staying at the station all day to take the commuters home in the evening. Those trains run fairly full and don’t run in the anti-commute direction or at off-peak times. Most passengers, though, want to know they can come and go when they wish and demand trains all day, which Caltrain offers. The theoretical efficiency of the train is good, but moving empty seats isn’t of value.

[snip]

Promotional materials for the new trains tout that the switch will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 250,000 metric tonnes per year, which is roughly the annual output of 55,000 cars, on average. The new electric trains will buy electricity only from zero-emission sources, according to Caltrain spokesperson Dan Lieberman. These numbers sound very positive, until you step back and consider their actual meaning, namely that the old diesel caltrain was using many times more fuel than its passengers would have burned if they each drove private SUVs, and that the train in general is hugely inefficient.

This is surprising, as the common public perception is that trains are more energy efficient than cars, and the initial instinct is to consider public transit as the greener choice. The math says otherwise, and in the case of Caltrain, it says it overwhelmingly. Nonetheless, this issue is not just one for this particular railroad, and applies to all systems, particularly in the U.S.

PROMOTED

The numbers mean Caltrain was burning about 25 million gallons of diesel annually. But today, Caltrain has around 590,000 boardings/year and an average of 24,600 on weekdays. That means 3.5 gallons of diesel per boarding, on average, which is equivalent to 4 gallons of gasoline. Each round trip thus burned the equivalent 8 gallons of gasoline per person. A 30 miles each way round trip in a car with the average load of 1.5 people, which is less that one gallon per person in a Prius, and 2 gallons per person in a large SUV. Even if each passenger were given a personal Hummer H2 to drive, they would only burn 4.6 gallons for that round trip. If diesel Caltrain were a car, it would be class as one of the heaviest polluters per passenger.

This happens because the trains don’t run full, and they run all day. Trains can, in theory, be very efficient, but only if they run full all the time. The most efficient trains in the U.S. are the commuter rail lines that run all the trains inbound in the morning, with all those trains staying at the station all day to take the commuters home in the evening. Those trains run fairly full and don’t run in the anti-commute direction or at off-peak times. Most passengers, though, want to know they can come and go when they wish and demand trains all day, which Caltrain offers. The theoretical efficiency of the train is good, but moving empty seats isn’t of value.

An Insight

 

I see wonderful things

 

Offbeat Humor

 

Offbeat Humor

 

Data Talks

 

Still-Life of Glasses in a Basket, 1644 by Sebastian Stoskopff (German, 1597–1657)

Still-Life of Glasses in a Basket, 1644 by Sebastian Stoskopff (German, 1597–1657) 





















Click to enlarge.

Friday, August 30, 2024

Authoritarian repression is obvious when you look.

In this period of time when political norms are abandoned and journalists a spied upon and jailed; citizens are spied upon and jailed; the government abjures freedom of religion, speech, assembly, petition, and due process; repeatedly attempts to implement formalized censorship and when rebuffed, coordinates with major corporations to implement censorship anyway, it is disturbing to see past parallels.

From The Pacific War 1931-1945 by Ienaga Saburo.  Page 12.

As long as that mentality and policy were dominant, a military confrontation was unavoidable with a China which sought a new national identity and had begun to resist imperialist domination. Why were the Japanese people intolerant of Chinese and Koreans? Why did they lack the capacity for critical analysis of imperialist policies and the wars they bred? I think the answer lies in the state’s manipulation of information and values to produce mass conformity and unquestioning obedience.

[snip]

In 1868, the new Meiji government moved immediately to control newspapers and publications in order to suppress support for the former regime. A series of internal security laws, starting with the publishing regulations (1869) and the newspaper law (1873), restricted freedom of speech. These laws carried sweeping provisions such as “To publish indiscriminate criticism of laws or to slander individuals is prohibited” or “To add indiscriminately critical comments when describing government actions and laws is forbidden.” Officialdom sought immunity from criticism by these regulations.1 The 1875 libel law and newspaper regulations were extremely severe; there was for a time a reign of terror against journalists.

A vigorous nationwide challenge to the new government, the People’s Rights movement, occurred in the 1870s and 1880s. To divide and weaken the movement, authorities dangled the carrot of financial rewards before some of the opposition. Others were harassed, locked up, and silenced. Strict enforcement of ever-tougher internal security laws proved to be the most effective weapon against dissent: regulations on assembly (1880), revision and amendment of the same law in 1882, revision of the newspaper regulation (1883), and a law prohibiting the disclosure of petitions to the throne and the government (1884). Freedom of assembly and association were also severely restricted. The People’s Rights movement was destroyed, and political activity of any kind became extremely difficult.

[snip]

The Meiji Constitution did not guarantee basic human rights. Freedom of expression was recognized only “within the limits of the law.” The liberties granted in the constitution could be virtually abolished by subsequent laws. Restrictions soon tumbled from the government’s authoritarian cornucopia. Freedom of publication was affected by the Publication Law (1893) and the Newspaper Law (1909); freedom of assembly and association by the Assembly and Political Organization Law (1890) and its successor, the Public Order Police Law of 1900; and intellectual freedom by the lèse majesté provision of the criminal code and by the Peace Preservation Law (1925). Movies and theatrical performances were strictly controlled by administrative rulings rather than by laws passed by the Diet. Thought and expression were so circumscribed that only a small sphere of freedom remained.

[snip]

The Meiji political system gagged and blindfolded the populace. Denied the basic facts and a free exchange of opinion on the major issues of state and society, the public could hardly participate in charting Japan’s future. The sensitive areas noted above were stated in the law as vague categories; they could be interpreted broadly and stretched to trap the dissident. Any major contemporary issue might fall under one of the dangerous categories. There was always the fear that newspapers, other publications, and public speeches would be prohibited by an arbitrary police ruling. No appeal was possible against police harassment. Scripts of movies and plays were subject to prior censorship and controlled in the same way as publications and public speeches. Furthermore, these internal security laws carried criminal penalties. Under the lèse majesté provision and the Peace Preservation Law, individuals with beliefs repugnant to the government, even if those beliefs were not expressed overtly, could end up in prison.

Of course, not every idea that incurred official wrath was a valuable contribution to Japanese political life. But a healthy political and social consciousness cannot develop in a society where the exchange of vital facts and ideas is fettered. Leaving other deleterious effects aside for the moment, the impossibility of reporting information essential for informed, independent judgments about war and national security left an intellectual vacuum. It was filled by official militarism, and the public, unaware of the truth or of alternatives, automatically came to support the government position.

History

 

An Insight

 

I see wonderful things

 

Offbeat Humor

 

Data Talks

 

View of Delft, 1660-1 by Johannes Vermeer (Dutch, 1632–1675)

View of Delft, 1660-1 by Johannes Vermeer  (Dutch, 1632–1675)





















Click to enlarge.

Thursday, August 29, 2024

History

 

An Insight

 

I see wonderful things

 

Offbeat Humor

 

Data Talks

 

Moon with Cows by Michael Fratrich

Moon with Cows by Michael Fratrich





























Click to enlarge.

Wednesday, August 28, 2024

History

 

An Insight

 

An Insight

 

I see wonderful things

 

Offbeat Humor

 

Data Talks

 

The Breakfast Tray, 1910 by Elizabeth Okie Paxton

The Breakfast Tray, 1910 by Elizabeth Okie Paxton





























Click to enlarge.

Tuesday, August 27, 2024

History

 

An Insight

 

I see wonderful things

 

I see wonderful things

 

Offbeat Humor

 

Data Talks

 

Portrait of a young Lady, circa 1560 attributed to Catarina van Hemessen (Dutch, circa 1527/1528–after 1560)

Portrait of a young Lady, circa 1560 attributed to Catarina van Hemessen  (Dutch, circa 1527/1528–after 1560)  

































Click to enlarge.

Monday, August 26, 2024

History

 

An Insight

 

I see wonderful things

 

Loss of revenue from cancellation is due to decreased platform access and not to a fall in popularity

Via Marginal Revolution.  From the Abstract of Separating the Artist from the Art: Social Media Boycotts, Platform Sanctions, and Music Consumption by Daniel Winkler, Nils Wlömert and Jura Liaukonyte.

This paper investigates how the consumption of an artist's creative work is impacted when there's a movement to "cancel" the artist on social media due to their misconduct. Unlike product brands, human brands are particularly vulnerable to reputation risks, yet how misconduct affects their consumption remains poorly understood. Using R. Kelly's case, we examine the demand for his music following interrelated publicity and platform sanction shocks-specifically, the removal of his songs from major playlists on the largest global streaming platform. A cursory examination of music consumption after these scandals would lead to the erroneous conclusion that consumers are intentionally boycotting the disgraced artist. We propose an identification strategy to disentangle platform curation and intentional listening effects, leveraging variation in song removal status and geographic demand. Our findings show that the decrease in music consumption is primarily driven by supply-side factors due to playlist removals rather than changes in intentional listening. Media coverage and calls for boycott have promotional effects, suggesting that social media boycotts can inadvertently increase music demand. The analysis of other cancellation cases involving Morgan Wallen and Rammstein shows no long-term decline in music demand, reinforcing the potential promotional effects of scandals in the absence of supply-side sanctions.

The tweet stream is more succinct.  My concatenation:

Does 'canceling' an artist on social media affect their music consumption? Daniel Winkler, @roamer_09, and I explore this in our new paper.

Spoiler: The answer is more complicated than you think.

Let’s start with R. Kelly (remember 'I Believe I Can Fly'?). Comparing his streams to similar artists, we see a clear drop. Is this a consumer-led boycott, or did his music just become less visible due to a supply-side effect?

















We utilize a natural experiment: Spotify's policy to sanction R. Kelly by removing his songs from playlists and algorithmic recommendations. Spotify later received pushback and reversed the policy—but didn’t reinstate his tracks.

Why is this natural experiment helpful? We have 2 cancellation efforts–one with platform action and one without. This allows us to separate supply-side from demand-side changes and ask: Would consumer-led boycotts have impacted music consumption without platform intervention?

We show that R. Kelly’s decline was mainly driven by Spotify’s sanctions, not an active consumer boycott. The drop was even steeper for ad-supported streams, showing the critical role of playlist visibility, especially when consumer listening experience is less deliberate

6 months later, after the documentary "Surviving R. Kelly," his streams surged by over 100%. Despite increased #MuteRKelly boycott activity, the documentary sparked increased interest in his songs for 3 weeks. Are these new listeners or existing fans?


The spike in streams was most pronounced in regions where R. Kelly was already popular, suggesting that likely existing fans revisited his music rather than new listeners checking him out for the first time.


Other cancellation cases, like those of Morgan Wallen and Rammstein, show that when platforms did not intervene, calls for cancellation did not harm music consumption—in fact, they can do the opposite.

It’s platform decisions, not consumer actions, that made the real impact.

An awful lot of caveats but interesting none-the-less.  

I would love to see NGOs and advocacy groups held legally accountable for the illegal tortious interference and this research, should it hold up, would provide the foundation for such suits.  

Offbeat Humor

 

Data Talks

 

Dovehouse Street, Chelsea, 1920 by Algernon Newton

Dovehouse Street, Chelsea, 1920 by Algernon Newton


























Click to enlarge.

Sunday, August 25, 2024

History

 

An Insight

 

I see wonderful things

 

Offbeat Humor

 

Data Talks

 

A Dandelion with a Tiger Moth, a Butterfly, a Snail, and a Beetle, ca. 1730 by Barbara Regina Dietzsch (German, 1706–1783)

A Dandelion with a Tiger Moth, a Butterfly, a Snail, and a Beetle, ca. 1730 by Barbara Regina Dietzsch  (German, 1706–1783)


































Click to enlarge.

Saturday, August 24, 2024

History

 

An Insight

 

I see wonderful things

 

Offbeat Humor

 

Data Talks

 

View of Constantinople, by Ivan Aivazovsky (1817-1900)

View of Constantinople, by Ivan Aivazovsky (1817-1900)




















Click to enlarge.

Friday, August 23, 2024

History

 

An Insight

 

I see wonderful things

 

Offbeat Humor

 

Data Talks

 

The Battle of Lowestoft 1665 by Jan de Quelery (b. 1964)

The Battle of Lowestoft 1665 by Jan de Quelery (b. 1964)















Click to enlarge.


Thursday, August 22, 2024

History

 

An Insight

 

I see wonderful things

 

Offbeat Humor

 

Data Talks

 

A Bigger Splash, 1967, David Hockney

A Bigger Splash, 1967, David Hockney

























Click to enlarge. 

Wednesday, August 21, 2024

History

 

An Insight

 

I see wonderful things

 

Offbeat Humor

 

Data Talks

 

The Rolin Madonna, 1435, by Jan van Eyck

The Rolin Madonna, 1435, by Jan van Eyck


























Click to enlarge.

Tuesday, August 20, 2024

Song of a Man Who Has Come Through by D. H. Lawrence

Song of a Man Who Has Come Through
by D. H. Lawrence

Not I, not I, but the wind that blows through me!
A fine wind is blowing the new direction of Time.
If only I let it bear me, carry me, if only it carry me!
If only I am sensitive, subtle, oh, delicate, a winged gift!
If only, most lovely of all, I yield myself and am borrowed
By the fine, fine, wind that takes its course through the chaos of the world
Like a fine, an exquisite chisel, a wedge-blade inserted;
If only I am keen and hard like the sheer tip of a wedge
Driven by invisible blows,
The rock will split, we shall come at the wonder, we shall find the Hesperides.

Oh, for the wonder that bubbles into my soul,
I would be a good fountain, a good well-head,
Would blur no whisper, spoil no expression.

What is the knocking?
What is the knocking at the door in the night?
It is somebody wants to do us harm.

No, no, it is the three strange angels.
Admit them, admit them.
 

History

 

An Insight

 

I see wonderful things

 

Offbeat humor

 

Data Talks

 

Aerial View of Edinburgh, circa 1920 by Alfred G Buckham

Aerial View of Edinburgh, circa 1920 by Alfred G Buckham (1879-1956)






























Click to enlarge.

Monday, August 19, 2024

Mad As The Mist And Snow by William Butler Yeats

Mad As The Mist And Snow
by William Butler Yeats

Bolt and bar the shutter,
For the foul winds blow:
Our minds are at their best this night,
And I seem to know
That everything outside us is
Mad as the mist and snow.

Horace there by Homer stands,
Plato stands below,
And here is Tully's open page.
How many years ago
Were you and I unlettered lads
Mad as the mist and snow?

You ask what makes me sigh, old friend,
What makes me shudder so?
I shudder and I sigh to think
That even Cicero
And many-minded Homer were
Mad as the mist and snow.

History

 

An Insight

 

I see wonderful things

 

Offbeat Humor

 






















Click to enlarge.

Data Talks

 

Laurence playing the piano, 1954 by Porter Fairfield

Laurence playing the piano, 1954 by Porter Fairfield




































Click to enlarge.

Sunday, August 18, 2024

History

 

An Insight

 

I see wonderful things

 

Offbeat Humor

 

Offbeat Humor

 



























Click to enlarge.

Data Talks

 

Nine Strawberries, 1955 by Eliot Hodgkin

Nine Strawberries, 1955 by Eliot Hodgkin



















Click to enlarge.

Saturday, August 17, 2024

History

 

An Insight

 

I see wonderful things

 

Offbeat Humor

 

























Click to enlarge.

Data Talks

 

Friday, August 16, 2024

History

An Insight

I see wonderful things

 

Offbeat Humor

 





















Click to enlarge.

Data Talks

 

Thursday, August 15, 2024

History

 

An Insight

 

I see wonderful things